SOCIOECONOMIC AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF INFANT MORTALITY DUE TO RESPIRATORY DISEASES

Abstract

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVE: This study aims to analyze factors associated with infant and neonatal mortality from respiratory diseases in Brazil and in the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba between 1996 and 2022.

METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted using secondary data from DATASUS, considering mortality rates, age group, sex, race/ethnicity, maternal education, type of delivery, birth weight and gestational age.

RESULTS: A general decreasing trend in mortality was observed, with an average annual decline of 6.1%. However, higher rates persisted in areas with low income, inadequate sanitation and low maternal education, demonstrating the influence of social inequalities. The post-neonatal period (28–364 days) concentrated most deaths, particularly among male infants, reflecting biological vulnerabilities and exposure to environmental factors such as air pollution and passive smoking. The decline in mortality indicates the positive impact of public policies such as the Family Health Strategy and the National Immunization Program. Nevertheless, regional disparities remain, indicating the need to strengthen primary health care, expand vaccination coverage, promote exclusive breastfeeding and ensure timely access to pediatric emergency services.

CONCLUSION: These findings support the relevance of integrated and equitable health strategies, in line with Sustainable Development Goal 3, which aims to reduce infant and