Anabolics: the hidden side of steroid acquisition and use in São Paulo

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To provide a detailed assessment of the prevalence, detailed usage patterns, and predominant sources of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) among adult male gym-goers in São Paulo city. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study with 68 current or former AAS users aged 18-59 was conducted via an online questionnaire. Data underwent detailed descriptive statistical analysis, highlighting specific types of AAS and acquisition channels. RESULTS: Testosterone esters were notably prevalent (72.1%), particularly Durateston (88.2%) and Testosterone Cypionate (52.9%). Dihydrotestosterone derivatives (oxandrolone and stanozolol) were used by 48.5%. Cyclical usage was more common (60.29%) compared to continuous usage. Aesthetic motivation predominated (91.17%). Illegal acquisition was notably high (44.1%), primarily through social networks (33.8%). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of AAS (anabolic androgenic steroids) use for aesthetic purposes, surpassing any other form of use, and highlighted the problematic illegal acquisition, especially through digital platforms and social networks. These findings reinforce the urgent need for stricter regulatory strategies and more incisive educational campaigns.